What is the primary role of a grand jury?

The primary role of a grand jury is to investigate criminal charges. Grand juries are convened to review evidence presented by the prosecution to determine whether there is enough probable cause to formally charge an individual with a crime. This process serves as a check on the power of the prosecution and ensures that charges are supported by sufficient evidence before a trial can proceed. Unlike a trial jury, which decides the guilt or innocence of a defendant, a grand jury's function is investigative and not adjudicative. It provides a crucial step in the criminal justice process by assessing whether the evidence merits going to trial. This distinction highlights the grand jury's role in upholding the legal standard of probable cause, rather than determining guilt, bail amounts, or sentencing, which fall under different judicial responsibilities.