What does legitimacy in government refer to?

Legitimacy in government primarily refers to the acceptance and recognition by citizens of their government's right to exercise authority and enact laws. This concept emphasizes the crucial role that popular consent plays in legitimizing governmental power. When citizens believe that their government has the rightful authority to make and enforce laws, it fosters stability and compliance with those laws.

In contrast, while support from foreign nations, having a written constitution, and the enforcement of laws by force can contribute to the operation of a government, they do not inherently establish legitimacy. For instance, foreign support may help a government function, but it does not guarantee that its citizens view it as legitimate. Similarly, a written constitution provides a framework for governance but does not ensure that citizens accept the government’s authority. Lastly, the enforcement of laws by force might maintain order, but it doesn't cultivate legitimacy; rather, it can foster resentment or resistance among citizens if they do not perceive the government as legitimate. Thus, the essence of legitimacy lies in citizen acceptance rather than merely structural or coercive elements.