The study of societal responses to crime is known as:

The study of societal responses to crime, referred to as Criminal Justice, encompasses the various systems and practices that societies put in place to prevent, respond to, and punish criminal behavior. This field explores the roles of law enforcement, the judicial system, and correctional institutions, all of which are integral components that work together to maintain social order and provide justice.

Understanding Criminal Justice involves examining how laws are created, enforced, and interpreted, as well as how different societal factors influence crime rates and the effectiveness of responses to crime. It encompasses not just the punitive aspects of dealing with crime, but also rehabilitation efforts and prevention strategies.

Other options, though relevant in their own contexts, do not capture the broad focus on societal responses to crime. Civil Rights is concerned more with the protections and privileges afforded to individuals, particularly in the context of legal rights and social equity. Forensics deals with the application of scientific methods to solve crimes, focusing primarily on evidence collection and analysis, rather than societal responses. Punitive Justice could imply a narrower focus on punishment itself, rather than the array of responses that societies deploy in the criminal justice process.